Kummi Dance: A Traditional Folk Dance of Tamil Nadu and Kerala
Kummi, one of the most ancient and cherished folk dances of Tamil Nadu and Kerala, represents the cultural richness and traditions of South Indian villages. Primarily performed by women, this vibrant dance form combines rhythmic clapping, dynamic movements, and heartfelt singing to create a captivating experience. Rooted in agrarian societies, Kummi reflects the simplicity and harmony of rural life, making it a treasured expression of collective joy and unity.
Etymology and Origins
The word “Kummi” is believed to have originated from the Tamil word Kommai, which means “dancing with clapping of hands.” This dance form is thought to have developed during a time when musical instruments were either unavailable or yet to be invented. The rhythmic clapping of hands became a natural alternative to create beats and maintain tempo, forming the foundation of Kummi.
Historically, Kummi served as an important social activity that brought communities together. Villagers would gather during festivals, harvest seasons, and family occasions to perform Kummi, using dance and music as a medium to celebrate life’s milestones. It is also significant to note that Kummi was adopted by Tamil communities in Sri Lanka, showcasing its wide cultural influence.
Performance and Styles
Kummi dance is performed in a circular formation, with women standing shoulder to shoulder, clapping their hands rhythmically. The movements are often synchronized, creating an aura of unity and coordination. The steps are simple yet graceful, involving forward and backward movements, bending, and rhythmic clapping.
The performance begins with one woman leading the group by starting a song. Others join in chorus, enhancing the communal spirit. Each dancer contributes by singing a new line in turn, and the dance often continues until everyone is tired. Facial expressions play a pivotal role in Kummi, with performers using their eyes and smiles to convey emotions, adding depth to the dance.
Regional Variations
Kummi assumes different forms across regions, adapting to local customs and traditions. In some areas, the dance mimics various agricultural activities, such as sowing seeds, harvesting crops, and grinding grains. This adds a narrative element to the performance, turning it into a celebration of rural labor and nature.
In certain variations, men also participate in the dance. They form an outer circle around the women and use sticks to create rhythmic beats. The synchronization between the clapping of the women and the stick-beating of the men showcases a unique harmony.
Popular styles of Kummi include:
- Poonthatti Kummi – A style performed during festivals.
- Deepa Kummi – Accompanied by the lighting of lamps.
- Kulavai Kummi – Performed during childbirth celebrations.
- Kadir Kummi – Dedicated to the harvest.
- Mulaipari Kummi – A fertility ritual performed by women.
Cultural Significance
Kummi is more than just a dance; it is a reflection of Tamil Nadu’s agrarian roots and social fabric. It played a vital role in uniting communities, especially women, providing them with a platform to bond and express their emotions.
Festivals and Celebrations
Kummi is most commonly performed during Pongal, the Tamil harvest festival. The dance is a tribute to nature, particularly the sun god and rain deities, for blessing the land with prosperity. It is also a part of family functions such as weddings, childbirth ceremonies, and Manjal Neeratu Vizhaa, a puberty celebration for young girls.
In Kerala, Kummi is performed during Kuthiyottam festivities, blending seamlessly with the region’s traditional art forms.
Costumes and Aesthetic Appeal
Kummi dance does not adhere to a strict dress code, but the attire reflects the simplicity and elegance of rural life.
Young girls wear Pavadai Chattai, a traditional skirt and blouse.
Teenagers often wear Pavadai Dhavani, a half-sari that symbolizes their transition to adulthood.
Adult women wear saris, draped in a style that allows free movement.
The vibrant costumes, combined with traditional jewelry and flowers in the hair, enhance the visual appeal of the dance. The overall aesthetic captures the essence of Tamil Nadu’s cultural heritage.
Kummi Songs
Kummi dances are incomplete without Kummi Paatu or Kummi songs. These songs are usually composed in simple Tamil, making them easy to learn and sing. They often narrate stories from village life, celebrate local deities, or express joy during special occasions.
Renowned Tamil poet Subramania Bharati wrote several Kummi Paatu, elevating the art form to a literary level. His compositions often carried themes of patriotism and social reform, showcasing the versatility of Kummi songs.
Role in Gender and Community
Kummi is deeply rooted in the lives of rural women, offering them an outlet for creative expression and social interaction. It allowed women to step out of their domestic confines and engage with their peers, fostering a sense of sisterhood.
The Inclusion of men in some variations highlights the collaborative spirit of the community, reinforcing the idea that dance and music are universal languages that transcend gender barriers.
Decline of Kummi
Despite its historical and cultural significance, Kummi is slowly fading from mainstream celebrations. Modernization and urbanization have replaced traditional folk dances with contemporary forms of entertainment. Festivals, once marked by communal performances, are now celebrated with digital music and organized events, sidelining Kummi and other folk traditions.
The migration of rural populations to urban areas has also played a role in the decline. With fewer people participating in traditional agricultural practices, the connection to Kummi’s roots is weakening. Moreover, the younger generation’s inclination toward globalized culture has led to a loss of interest in indigenous art forms.
Efforts to Preserve Kummi
Recognizing the importance of preserving Kummi, various cultural organizations and schools have taken initiatives to revive the dance form. Workshops, performances, and competitions are organized to educate younger generations about its significance. Tamil Nadu’s tourism department has also included Kummi in cultural showcases to attract visitors and promote regional heritage.
In recent years, Kummi has made its way into educational curriculums as a part of traditional arts. By integrating it into school programs, educators aim to instill pride in local culture among students.
Conclusion
Kummi is not just a dance; it is a celebration of life, community, and tradition. Its rhythmic clapping and simple movements reflect the unassuming beauty of rural life, while its rich history connects modern audiences to the past.
As we embrace the future, it is essential to honor and preserve art forms like Kummi. They are living testimonies of our cultural identity and heritage, offering a glimpse into the lives of our ancestors. By supporting efforts to revive Kummi, we can ensure that this cherished tradition continues to inspire and unite generations to come.
